The Treaty of Lausanne (French: Treaty of Lausanne) was a peace treaty negotiated at the Lausanne Conference of 1922/23 and signed on 24 July 1923 at the Palais de Rumine.[1][2] Lausanne, Switzerland It officially resolved the conflict that originally existed between the Ottoman Empire and the Allied French Republic, the British Empire, the Kingdom of Italy, the Empire of Japan, the Kingdom of Greece and the Kingdom of Romania since the beginning of The First World War. [3] The original text of the contract is in French. [3] This is the result of a second attempt at peace after the failure of the Treaty of Sèvres. The previous treaty had been signed in 1920, but was later rejected by the Turkish national movement, which fought against its terms. The Treaty of Lausanne ended the conflict and defined the borders of the modern Turkish Republic. In the treaty, Turkey renounced any claim to the rest of the Ottoman Empire and in return the Allies recognized Turkish sovereignty within their new borders. [3] It provided for Exchanges of Greek-Turkish population and allowed unrestricted civilian passage through the Turkish Strait (but not militarily; this would be done with the Montreux Convention). The Turkish and Greek Governments undertake respectively to provide the British, French and Italian Governments with all the facilities necessary to ensure an adequate supply of water for the needs of personnel engaged in the maintenance or protection of such graves, cemeteries, ossuaries and monuments, as well as in the irrigation of the soil. The High Contracting Parties agree to grant, in their respective territories, all necessary facilities to the commissions which each Contracting Party may designate for the purpose of identifying, registering and maintaining such cemeteries, ossuaries and tombs and for the erection of monuments on their sites. These commissions must not be of a military nature. The Governments concerned shall appoint by common accord a Secretary-General for each tribunal and shall attach one or more secretaries to each tribunal. The Secretary-General and the Secretaries shall be under the command of the Tribunal, which, with the agreement of the Governments concerned, shall have the right to engage all persons in need of assistance.
Without prejudice to the provisions of the Annex to Section II of this Part, it is agreed that, where payments to be made under a pre-war treaty are represented by amounts recovered in whole or in part during the war in a currency other than that referred to in that treaty, such payments may be made by remitting the amounts actually recovered, in the currency, in which they were collected. This provision shall not affect regulations which are inconsistent with the previous provisions concluded between the Parties by voluntary agreement before the entry into force of this Agreement. Actions based on Articles 65, 66 and 69 shall be brought before the competent authorities within six months of the entry into force of this Treaty and, in the absence of agreement, within twelve months of the entry into force of this Treaty with the Joint Arbitral Tribunal. The following categories of treaties concluded before the date referred to in Article 82 between persons who have subsequently become enemies within the meaning of this Article shall remain in force subject to the provisions of the Treaties and the provisions of this Treaty: among many agreements there has been a separate agreement with the United States, the Chester concession. In the United States, the treaty was rejected by several groups, including the Committee Against the Treaty of Lausanne (COLT), and on January 18, 1927, the United States Senate refused to ratify the treaty by 50 votes to 34, six votes less than the two-thirds required by the Constitution. [20] As a result, Turkey cancelled the concession. [9] Each of the two Powers concerned shall have the right, five years after the entry into force of the present Treaty, to submit a request to the Council of the League of Nations to decide whether it is necessary to maintain the control referred to in paragraphs 2 to 5 of this Article. However, it can be assumed that the provisions of paragraph I relating to transit on the two sections of the Eastern Railway between the Greek-Bulgarian border and Bosna-Keuy will remain in force. Each of these tribunals shall be composed of three members, two of whom shall be appointed by each of the Governments concerned and who shall have the right to appoint several persons from among whom they shall elect one as a member of the Tribunal, as the case may be. The President shall be elected by mutual agreement between the two Governments concerned. The British, French and Italian Governments may entrust the establishment, fitting out and maintenance of the graves, cemeteries, ossuaries and monuments of their nationals to such organisations as each of them deems appropriate. These organizations must not be of a military nature.
They are the only ones who have the right to exhume or remove the corpses necessary for the concentration of graves and the construction of cemeteries and ossuaries, as well as the exhumation and removal of facilities whose relocation is deemed necessary by the Governments to which the allocation of land is made. However, each of the contracting parties shall have the right, within three months of the entry into force of this contract, to demand performance of the contract provided that, if circumstances so require, the other party receives compensation calculated on the basis of the difference between the conditions in force at the time of conclusion of the contract and those prevailing at the time of the maintenance of the contract. In the absence of an agreement between the parties, such compensation shall be determined by the joint arbitral tribunal. Within one month of the final determination of the amount of pensions payable by each of the participating States, in accordance with Article 47, a committee shall meet in Paris to determine the arrangements for the distribution of the share capital of the Ottoman sovereign debt within the meaning of Part A of the table in the Annex. Such allocation shall be made in accordance with the conditions laid down for the apportionment of pensions, taking into account the terms of the loan agreements and the provisions of this Section. In May 1919, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the victor of Gallipoli, was appointed by the sultan commander of the remaining army. In July 1919, Atatürk had resigned from the army and led a nationalist movement against the occupying power with the intention of ending the Ottoman sultanate and establishing a democratic and secular nation-state without outside interference. Many Turks were angry with the treaty and wanted to end Ottoman rule.
They saw the conditions as punishment, arguing that the Turkish people were not responsible for the Ottomans` support for Germany. .