On May 20, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) proposed to the U.S. government the implementation of the agreements reached during the December 2013 plenary session. Representatives of thirty-three countries gave their final approval in Vienna, Austria, from 12 to 13 July 1996 for the establishment of the Wassenaar Convention on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies. The thirty-three countries have agreed to monitor all items on the list of dual-use items and technologies to prevent unauthorized shipments. They also agreed on a deadline of 1 November 1996 for the implementation of the Wassenaar lists. However, there are countries where the national export control system refers directly to the latest version of the Wassenaar control lists. New items on the checklists are checked immediately in these countries. Israel`s export control law, for example, refers to the corresponding Wassenaar checklist “as regularly updated.” The Wassenaar Convention on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies was concluded in Wassenaar, the Netherlands, and entered into force on 1 November 1996. The objective of the Wassenaar Arrangement is to prevent the destabilizing accumulation of conventional arms and related goods and technologies in regions and countries around the world through greater transparency and accountability. On the basis of mutually agreed lists of arms, dual-use items and technology, each participating State shall carry out export controls in accordance with national law and practice. At the summit between the United States and Russia on the 4th.
In April 1993, in Vancouver, Canada, the Presidents of Russia and the United States agreed on the need to reach solutions to issues of cooperation in the field of non-proliferation and missile technology as soon as possible, in accordance with the principles of existing international agreements. They decided to work together to remove barriers that hinder Russia`s access to the global market for high-tech and related services. It succeeded the Cold War Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls (COCOM) and was founded on 12 July 1996 in Wassenaar, the Netherlands, near The Hague. The Wassenaar Arrangement is much less strict than COCOM, as it primarily emphasizes the transparency of national export control systems and does not give individual members a veto over organizational decisions. A secretariat for the administration of the Agreement is located in Vienna, Austria. However, like COCOM, it is not a contract and is therefore not legally binding. Ambassador Sune Danielsson Head of Secretariat Telephone: (43-1) 960 03 Fax: (43-1) 960 031 or 032 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wassenaar.org The Secretariat consisted of approximately 30 people based in an annex of the U.S. Embassy in Paris. The COCOM Cooperation Forum was established in 1992 with the aim of easing and phasing out export restrictions and held its first meeting in Paris in November 1992. Forty-two countries participated in the forum. India still has a lot of work to do if it wants to compete with China`s capabilities, but in international relations, relative power is much more important than absolute power.
Any state that wants to become a hegemon or a power in one region wants the relative power differences with other countries to be very high. In a sense, India`s rise to become a major player in the system acts as a brake on China`s ambitions. It is also about the approval for participating States and countries to interpret and implement the new controls in order to create an effective trade control mechanism, which will ensure that human rights concerns are sufficiently taken into account in the licensing process. Is universal and non-discriminatory for countries that meet established criteria: Participating States agree to maintain national export controls on goods on VA control lists. These controls shall be implemented by national legislation. Members are also guided by best practices, guidelines and agreed elements. In addition, all 42 countries have agreed to report transfers and releases of certain controlled items to destinations outside the arrangement. Finally, all participating countries exchange information on sensitive dual-use goods and technologies. .